Lecture # 16 - Systems and Network Programming

Lecture # 16 Notes:

Review (discuss) midterm topics, files and I/O in C (libc) and C++ (libstdc++) , serialization.
Begin discussion of User/kernel space, system calls (open,read,write,fork,exec), I/O buffering, process creation, process images (exec), etc.

1. Review Midterm topics: H/W # 5 solution   H/W # 7 solution
2. Discuss: HW # 8 (readfile_block.cpp)
3. Discuss: Project # 1 (posted): due Friday April 3rd
   
4. Discuss Systems Programming Resources

1. USNA (Systems Programming) lectures
1. User/Kernel space, System call Overview
2. File I/O: read, write, open system calls
3. Process creation and termination: I/O buffering
4. Fork, Exec system calls, Process management
5. Process Scheduling
2. Previous (Lecture 15) Notes and C/C++ Presentation Materials
1. C/C++ Introduction: Mike C. notes
2. C++ Survival Guide (basic syntax notes and important concepts): Dr. Fawcett
3. C and C++ compilation, memory, and computation models
4. Assessment of the C++
5. Discussion on the elements that comprise C and C++
6. Discussion on Packages and Modularity
7. Important linux/system header files
8. The structure and data flow in sytems is often documented with standard UML diagramming: You should be aware of it
3. Code Examples from 03/02 and 03/04
1. Demo stdout/stderr file streams, write system call
2. Demo Pass by value, Pass by reference, basic pointers and memory allocation (new/delete, malloc/free)
3. Demo C-style strings
4. Demo C++ std::strings
5. Demo File I/O in C (fopen/fgetc/fprintf,read lines, memory allocation with malloc etc.) Reading/Writing Text Files: C example
6. Demo File I/O in C++ (ifsteam/ofstream streams: Reading/Writing Text Files: C++ example
7. Demo structs, serialization, reading/writing binary files: C++ example
8. Demo reading/writing binary files in C (glibc: fopen/fread/fwrite/fseek etc) C example
9. Demo reading/writing binary files in C++ (fstream library: command line args, ifstream/oftstream etc.) C example
4. Type Serialization/Deserialization example
• books.h (package) header file
• book.cpp - package implementation file
• serialize.cpp - serialize/deserialize types
• Download serialize/deserialize types example
5. C Package example for HW # 7
• books.h - header ( books package interface)
• book.c - package implementation for books package
• bookutils.h - header (bookutils package interface)
• bookutils.c - code implementation for bookutils package
• executive.c - the client application (uses book and bookutils packages)
• Package example README (compiler build/run commands)
• Package diagram
• Download package example (C version) HW7_cpackage.tar.gz
6. Example of a real C++ package - supports linux file and directory operations (prior to C++ 17 file system)
• FileSystem package interface
• FileSystem package implementation
• Makefile - build(compile) the package
7. Lecture 14 Examples: Download

Note: You will need C and C++ compilers

• I will use GNU C/C++ (gcc/g++). The Linux Minit distro comes with gcc installed by default, but not g++
• Install g++ with the following command (Open terminal and type): sudo apt-get install g++
• You can install and use gcc/g++ on your Mac computer. Use this is option if you don't have a Linux distro

Code (C and C++ tutorial) Resources:

1. Really Nice C tutorial
2. Excellent C Programming Tutorial: Tutorialpoint
3. Another Excellent C Programming Tutorial(divided in basic and advanced topics): Learn-C.org
4. One of the best C++ tutorials I've seen: cpluspluss.com
5. Dr. Fawcett's Page on Getting Started with C++
6. A very good C++ tutorial: LearnCpp.com
7. Program memory layout
8. Pointers Tutorial
9. Stat system call
10. Stat man page
11. Compiling Programs using make (chapter 23): linux command line
12. Lectures from a well thought out systems programming course at USNA
13. Compilation, Linking and Loading article
14. A series of Systems Programming lectures from U.S. Naval Academy (USNA)
    • Introduction to C Programming and C strings
    • Pointers, Arrays, and Structures
    • C Strings, String Library, and Pointer Arithmetic
    • Arrays, Command Line Arguments, and Error Checking
    • Memory Allocation and Program Memory Layout
    • Dynamic Array Allocations and Data Representation Model
    • File Streams

Dr. Fawcett's developed resources:

Dr. Fawcett taught graduate software design courses here at Syracuse from 1990 - Spring 2019. Most of my software training was here at SU in Dr. Fawcett's courses from 2005-2019. In retirement he is continuing to develop (current) software training materials, most of which is hosted in his new github website available via the URLs below.

1. The C++ story provides detailed coverage of the C++ language: specifically how to utilize the language and its features effectively. The intent of the story is to meet people on individual level of experience. Beginning C++ programmers can begin to get handle on using the language, while experienced programmers can get detailed insight into the more advanced aspects.
   View the C++ story here


2. A series of the C++ videos corresponding to the C++ story
   can be viewed here


3. Previously taught (Spring 2019) graduate Object-oriented Design course using C++

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Environment Setup Notes:

1. Install VirtualBox
2. Install Linux Mint (based on Ubuntu -- I prefer MATE desktop, but many people like Cinnamon)
• Desktop Comparisons: MATE versus Cinnamon
• Install Guest Additions - device drivers and system applications that optimize the guest operating system for better performance and usability.
3. Enable "Shared Clipboard and Drag'nDrop": Settings -> Advanced
4. Configure shared folders, then run the following commands..
1. run: sudo usermod -a -G vboxsf `whoami`
2. run: sudo chown -R `whoami`:users name-of-mount-point
3. log out, and log back in
5. Update Mint (run): "sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y"

Interesting Technologies related to Linux:

1. Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) - turn Linux into a Hypervisor
2. Docker (Container Technology)
3. TCPDump & LIBPCAP
4. Extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF)

*** Action Items for Next Class ***

• H/W # 8 posted: due Weds: 03/11
• C/C++ programming